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Onde's multi purpose kiln build

Onde

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Hey all,

Figured it was time to finally share my build as i wrote about in my (lengthy) introduction. Do note that it is still very much a work in progress, and what follows will also reflect that.

For starters, i wanted a build where i could (and can) allow myself to make lots of mistakes without ruining the materials i have used. So several things in the build could have been done differently, but would have tampered with that specific priority of mine: The ability to rebuild if needed.

I started off with the simplest part of the build: The size. Since everything i do is indoors - living in an apartment - space is my number one limitation. I ended up buying 4.4 x 4.4 x 300 cm rafters, and making a box frame with them in sort-of pallet measurements:
1.jpg
The frame measures 120 x 120 x 60 cm, which is pretty much the maximum space i had available for the build.
You may notice that i have used angle brackets for all of the corners. Yet again, this is to be able to rebuild it if needed rather than making permanent joins.

Originally i wanted to make the frame out of insulation boards, but after WAY too much researching on their different insulation values, how much heat they could tolerate, water/humidity tolerances and what not, not to mention the prices which were way too high for my tastes, i ended up on a wooden frame.

Since i ended up on a frame, i needed some kind of inner and outer boards/plates. For a long time i thought i was going to use plywood, but since getting that here at a decent price meant buying them in very large sizes, i had to give up on that idea. The reason being that i do not have a car, and even cutting them to size by hand whereever i would have bought them would have meant a very tough time transporting it back home by public transportation.

So i ended up on masonite instead. I could get that pretty darn cheap and get it cut to size. Transporting it back home on foot/public transportation was still quite a challenge though:
2.jpg

Sorry for the blurry image. We had a heat wave just days before i went to pick up the boards, but the day i had time the forces that be decided it was time for rain........

So i had to get a little creative at the store, and ended up with what you see above. Yeah, far from ideal, but it got the job done.

With the masonite safely home, and with minimal damage from the rain, it was time to get back to work:
3.jpg4.jpg5.jpg

After attaching the outer side boards, i could also attach the wheels i had bought for the project. In hindsight i am SO glad i did that, as it has made both building the kiln and handling it in general so much easier.


Time to make the door!

The door is just another square frame with 2 pieces of 120 x 120 cm masonite on each side and insulation in between:
6.jpg7.jpg

Although i would have preferred to use rock wool, i ended up on glass wool. Their insulation properties are about the same, but the glass wool was way cheaper, and the largest downside for choosing glass wool was me itching like h*** while working with it - even wearing gloves and being careful.

With the door prepared and setting it aside for now, it was time for the inner boards of the kiln. To attach them securely, i needed battens (i hope thats the right word) on each side. But once again, buying those ready made would cost a fortune. I didn't need them to be pretty either, so i ended up cutting them from single-use pallets:
8.jpg9.jpg

After attaching these to all inside planes, i could add the glass wool:
10.jpg11.jpg

I knew that i would be needing support for leaf hangers on the sides, so before attaching the masonite on the inside, i modified the side boards with some simple cutoffs:
12.jpg

Knowing exactly where these are on the insulation side provides me with the attachment stability the masonite itself can't offer.

Time to add the inner masonite:
13.jpg14.jpg

--- continued in post 2 ---
 

Onde

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I also added silver foil to the inside, and of course i didn't have enough of it. Typical. Anyway, i forgot to take pictures of this part, probably because it was a pain in the neck to do.

As i started out mentioning, i wanted to be able to make mistakes along the way, and i also wanted full control. So, i bought a Raspberry Pi 4b+, which is basically a cheap miniature computer with a lot of programmable pins:
elec_1.jpg

Being an old ex developer, this solution particularly suited me since it meant/means that i can get and control everything as i see fit.
- The small black box on the image is the Raspberry Pi itself.
- The wires coming out of it are a mix of GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) wires, 5v wires and ground wires. They all connect to a breadboard, where i can "easily" what is what, and change things around.
- The black box in the back left is a repurposed USB hub. I use this to control humidifiers.
- The blue PCB is a 4 channel relay, which can handle both low voltages and regular outlet voltages. I use this to control the on/off state of the heater and the humidifiers.
- The bottle in the far back is my first attempt of using the humidifiers i bought. Sadly, the microfiber wick system i attempted simply doesn't wick well enough.

Here's how i wanted the humidifiers to work:
hum_2.jpg

But since they didn't wick properly, here's how i ended up using them:
hum_1.jpghum_3.jpg

For heat, i started off with an old 40W bulb and a small heater panel. This turned out not to be nearly enough though:
heat_1.jpg

So i bought a cheap analog stove instead (1500W) which more than does the job:
 

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Onde

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Hmm, editing posts has a 30 minute limit, and i've run into quite a few times where the forum gets stuck uploading an image... Anyway, continuing:

-----

So i bought a cheap analog stove instead (1500W) which more than does the job:

View attachment 52227

Above the stove is a piece of perforated steel plating i scavenged somewhere. However, it simply doesn't transfer heat well enough, so i scrapped that again. Instead, i placed a small aluminium thingy i believe used to belong to a ricecooker (for steaming i think) on top:
View attachment 52228

This works a lot better. It still takes too long for the heat produced to be cycled evenly across the kiln though. I am thinking that i need to expose the heat coil in the stove and get rid of the cast iron on top, and attach a proper heat sink with a fan blowing straight through. But for now, that is an issue to be solved later.

Speaking of fans, i am currently using 2 fans. One sucking in air from the left side above it, and blowing it back out in the direction of the stove (with a crude pot cut for airflow). This is of course a temporary solution, but it works for now:
air_1.jpg

On the other side, another fan sucks in from the side, and blows straight up. This to circulate the heated air from the stove as well as to circulate the mist from the humidifiers:
air_2.jpg

Now for the leaf hangers!
Once again i needed some battens (and once again hoping thats the right word for them), and once again i cut them from old pallet wood. Then i used simple paper clips for the leaf hooks themselves, wrapped around a screw tightened just enough so that the hook can turn with resistance. With this, i can pretty much hang any size leaf anywhere in the kiln:

1.jpg2.jpg3.jpg4.jpg5.jpg6.jpg7.jpg

With all this sorted, (and with me forgetting to take pictures of adding the door), it was time for the first test run:
leaves_1.jpgleaves_2.jpg

That's back before figuring out that the bulb and heater panel wasn't enough for more than yellowing btw.

Here's the result after a couple of days on yellowing temperatures and humidity as well as drying but not quite flue curing due to the inadequate heat:
leaves_3.jpg

The pile on the left is months of air drying. The pile on the right is the leaves from the first run of the kiln after 4-5 days.
 

Onde

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After that, i've only done one more run (which is still running actually). I had a lot of leaves on my plants that either looked ready, overdue or "false ripe". Being late with the kiln build versus my 12 plants, i just primed everything that looked like it was time:


leaves_4.jpgleaves_5.jpgleaves_6.jpgleaves_7.jpg

Last image is taken from below the leaves, showing that space and airflow ought to be ok.

That said, about 40% of those leaves were "false positives" and ended up not yellowing properly.

Today, i took the old pile of air dried leaves and tied them into 7-8 hands and hung them in the kiln. I've set the temperature and humidity for fermenting and i plan on letting them "cook" for a month or two like that. I also have a couple of boxes of previously shredded homegrown in there fermenting at the same time.

Here's how it's looking, present day and time:
20240721_153242.jpg

All in all i am super pleased with what i have achieved so far. Some of the fermenting tobacco (boxes, front left) smells absolutely delicious. Sadly, it lacks a lot of taste still but maybe it just need some more force aging.
The lamp on the right side is simply for light now by the way, with an on/off switch outside of the kiln.
All the electronics is still in a messy heap on top of the kiln, but as it all progresses, i will eventually make a neat box for it.

A few takeaways from my build so far:

- i need faster heat dissipation from the stove and to the box, most likely with a homemade heatsink. Otherwise, the stove gets hotter and on for longer than it needs to be. Currently i need to work with a temperature offset in my code to get around that problem.

- i might need more airflow. Just one or two more fans ought to do it. They are super low power (12v <1A each), so that part isn't an issue.

- once i have heat dissipation properly solved, i can make a bottom shelf system for all my box/jar/ziplock fermentation needs.

Also, i really should have been faster building it. My plants kinda got tired of waiting, and said "sod it, we're just gonna grow as tall as we can, see how he likes THAT!" :

20240721_154156.jpg

Technically, i can do flue curing in the system now. However, i will probably wait a bit before i attempt the first proper flue cure runs. I want the previous issues sorted out first, especially the heat dissipation, to save on the electrical bill.

Oh yeah, and the plants are all grown pseudo aquaponically. Meaning, the water they receive are on a timed pump from a 20L can filled with water from my fish tank. I also grow aquaponic veggies in a homemade pipe system connected to the same tank.

I think i've covered just about everything about my build now, so feel free to ask/suggest/discuss/ponder/other. After all, you guys and all your information on this wonderful forum is what made me take on this adventure in the first place :)

Cheers!
 

Onde

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I did forget something: The code!

Well, the code is in python (3), and if anyone is interested i am happy to share what i have so far. Otherwise, it's probably more confusing than enlightening anyway :)

You can also see most of this and a lot more on my instagram: https://www.instagram.com/safeaquaponics/

Edit:
I also plan on adding a touch screen to the final electronics box, so that i can monitor and control everything from there rather than going into my code every time.
 
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deluxestogie

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Be sure that every electrical connection within the kiln is protected from potential condensation and drips. Depending on the process and the various phases of each process, it may be a very wet environment. Also, flue-curing cycles tend to eventually render some types of electrical insulation brittle, and subject to cracking.

Bob
 

Onde

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The quantitation looks comprehensive. An accompanying graph might provide a good sense of what is happening over time.

Bob
Thanks Bob!

I've been thinking about the graph part too, and my original thought was to pair the general flue cure chart (with some modifications - fahrenheit to celsius, and wet/dry bulb into a general RH) with actual running stats so that you could compare kiln stats on top of target stats over time.

A historical graph component would probably also be good, regardless of which setting the kiln is on.

Btw, i just spoke to Janni Bidstrup, a danish tobacco grower and cigar producer in Denmark on Ærø regarding a trade of seeds since i have a colleague who originates from that island and is going to visit family there soon. Anyway, turns out she hasn't grown the past 2 years due to bad weather and has no seeds to exchange. She did recommend Bolivian Black Criollo though, and i can see that there is at least 1 old (now locked) thread which mentions that being an interesting component in cigarette blends as well as a good producer plant that cures easily.

Any thoughts on that as the years has gone by? I think the thread i was reading was from way back in 2012-13 or so :)

- Oh yeah, and when i got home today, there was a delicious tobacco scent in the air. I could only smell it for a minute or so before my nose got used to it, but my kiln is definetely doing some work!
 

deluxestogie

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My Bolivia Criollo Black was very productive. I have proposed that it is from a group of tobaccos grown in the eastern Andes plateau (e.g. Guácharo, Bolivia Criollo Black, Paraguay Flojo).

I consider these to be fairly primitive cigar varieties. My Guácharo and Bolivia Criollo Black, after kilning for 2 months, required an additional 3-5 years of resting, before I felt that they had been tamed. I found Paraguay Flojo from WLT to be an interesting, low-percentage blender in cigars.

Bob
 

Onde

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before I felt that they had been tamed.

Is that for cigars or cigarettes though (i am guessing cigars)? Basically i just want more taste and depth to my current tobacco which is definetely missing something. I am guessing probably something oriental like izmir or smyrna but i am open to try most things. I like my cigarettes with a bite. Good throat hit and not too smooth but not super harsh. I don't mind if it has a dark touch, as long as it isn't too dark. Pretty much how i like my beer too coincidentally haha
 

deluxestogie

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We don't consume large quantities of most herbs and spices. Every tobacco provides its unique nuance. The fun is exploring, in both cooking and tobacco blending.

I once received a large slab of commercial Dark Air-cured tobacco produced in India. I am not man enough to handle it straight. But a tiny strip within a cigar filler blend was interesting and enjoyable.

Bob
 
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